Polarstationer i Antarktis

Geografi Kort med alle koordinater: OSM
Forskningsstationer i Antarktis.
Kilde: Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP)

En række lande har faste polarforskningsstationer i Antarktis, både helårsbemandede og sommerbemandede.

I alt 30 lande, som alle har underskrevet Antarktistraktaten, driver forskningsstationer på helårsbasis eller sommerbasis på det antarktiske kontinent eller på øer syd for 60° sydlig bredde. Stationerne har samlet omtrent 4.000 personer om sommeren og 1.000 personer, som kan overvintre. Foruden de faste stationer findes hver sommer et antal mindre stationer, som benyttes til feltarbejde (feltstationer).

For at få status som konsultativ part under Antarktistraktaten og dermed voteringsrettigheter i samarbejdet kræves det, at landet driver omfattende forskning i Antarktis.[1]

Liste over lande med forskningsstationer i Antarktis

Lande med forskningsstationer i Antarktis 2016. Belgiens første station indviet i 2009.
Norges forskningsstation Troll i Dronning Maud Land.
USAs Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station på Sydpolen.
Argentinas base Almirante Brown i Paradise Bay på Antarktishalvøen.
Land National Antarktis-organisation
 Norge* Norsk Polarinstitutt
 Sverige* Polarforskningssekretariatet
 Finland* Finlands Antarktisforskningsprogram (FINNARP)
 Storbritannien* British Antarctic Survey (BAS)
 Tyskland* Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung
 Belgien* Belgian Polar Secretariat
 Frankrig* Det franske polarinstitutt - Paul Émile Victor
 Italien* Programma Nazionale de Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA)
 Spanien* Comité Polar Español (CPE)
 Tjekkiet Masaryk-universitetet
 Bulgarien* Bulgarian Antarctic Institute
 Rumænien Romanian Polar Research Institute
 Polen* Polska Akademia Nauk
 Rusland* Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE)
 Hviderusland The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
 Ukraine* National Antarctic Scientific Center
 Sydafrika* South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP)
 USA* United States Antarctic Program
 Ecuador* Programa Antártico Ecuatoriano (PROANTEC)
 Peru* Comisión Nacional de Asuntos Antárticos (CONAAN)
 Brasilien* Programa Antártico Brasileiro (PROANTAR)
 Uruguay* Instituto Antártico Uruguayo (IAU)
 Argentina* Instituto Antártico Argentino
 Chile* Chilean Antarctic Institute
 Pakistan Pakistan Antarctic Programme
 Indien* Indian Antarctic Program
 Sydkorea* Korea Antarctic Research Program
 Japan* National Institute of Polar Research
 Kina* Polar Research Institute of China
 Australien* Australian Antarctic Division
 New Zealand* Antarctica New Zealand

*Konsultative parter under Antarktistraktaten.

Nederland er eneste konsultative part under Antarktistraktaten uden forskningsstation i Antarktis, men landet har et samarbejde med British Antarctic Survey.

Liste over forskningsstationer i Antarktis

NavnLandEtableretBemandetBeliggenhedKoordinater
Aboa Finland 1988 Sommer Dronning Maud Land
– Vestfjella		 73°03′S 13°25′V / 73.050°S 13.417°V / -73.050; -13.417 (Aboa, Finland)
Almirante Brown Argentina 1951 Sommer Antarktishalvøen
– Paradise Bay		 64°53′S 62°53′V / 64.883°S 62.883°V / -64.883; -62.883 (Almirante Brown, Argentina)
Amundsen-Scott USA 1957 Permanent Det geografiske sydpolen 89°59′51″S 139°16′22″Ø / 89.99750°S 139.27278°Ø / -89.99750; 139.27278 (Amundsen-Scott, USA)
Arctowski Polen 1977 Permanent Sydshetlandsøerne
– King George Island		 62°09.2′S 058°28.9′V / 62.1533°S 58.4817°V / -62.1533; -58.4817 (Arctowski, Polen)
Artigas Uruguay 1984 Permanent Sydshetlandsøerne
– King George Island		 62°11′S 58°54′V / 62.183°S 58.900°V / -62.183; -58.900 (Artigas, Uruguay)
Arturo Prat Chile 1947 Sommer Sydshetlandsøerne
– Greenwich Island		 62°30′S 59°41′V / 62.500°S 59.683°V / -62.500; -59.683 (Arturo Prat, Chile)
Asuka Japan 1985 Ubemandet Dronning Maud Land 71°31′34″S 24°08′17″Ø / 71.52611°S 24.13806°Ø / -71.52611; 24.13806 (Asuka, Japan)
Belgrano II Argentina 1979 Permanent Coats Land
– Vahselbugten		 77°52′S 34°37′V / 77.867°S 34.617°V / -77.867; -34.617 (Belgrano II, Argentina)
Bellingshausen Rusland 1968 Permanent Sydshetlandsøerne
– King George Island		 62°11′47″S 58°57′39″V / 62.19639°S 58.96083°V / -62.19639; -58.96083 (Bellingshausen, Rusland)
Bernardo O'Higgins Chile 1948 Permanent Antarktishalvøen 63°19′S 57°54′V / 63.317°S 57.900°V / -63.317; -57.900 (Bernardo O'Higgins, Chile)
Cámara Argentina 1953 Sommer Sydshetlandsøerne
– Half Moon Island		 62°36′S 59°54′V / 62.600°S 59.900°V / -62.600; -59.900 (Cámara, Argentina)
Casey Station Australien 1959 Permanent Wilkes Land
– Vincennes Bay		 66°17′S 110°32′Ø / 66.283°S 110.533°Ø / -66.283; 110.533 (Casey Station, Australien)
Comandante Ferraz Brasilien 1984 Permanent Sydshetlandsøerne
– King George Island		 62°05.1′S 58°24.2′V / 62.0850°S 58.4033°V / -62.0850; -58.4033 (Comandante Ferraz, Brasilien)
Concordia Frankrig
Italien		 2005 Permanent Antarktisplateauet
– Dome C		 75°06′S 123°20′Ø / 75.100°S 123.333°Ø / -75.100; 123.333 (Concordia, Italien)
Davis Station Australien 1957 Permanent Princess Elizabeth Land
– Vestfold Hills		 68°35′S 77°58′Ø / 68.583°S 77.967°Ø / -68.583; 77.967 (Davis Station, Australien)
Decepción Argentina 1948 Sommer Sydshetlandsøerne
– Deception Island		 62°58′32″S 60°41′56″V / 62.97556°S 60.69889°V / -62.97556; -60.69889 (Decepción, Argentina)
Dome Fuji Japan 1995 Sommer Antarktisplateauet
– Dome F		 77°19′01″S 39°42′12″Ø / 77.31694°S 39.70333°Ø / -77.31694; 39.70333 (Dome Fuji, Japan)
Dumont d'Urville Frankrig 1956 Permanent Adélie Land 66°40′S 140°00′Ø / 66.667°S 140.000°Ø / -66.667; 140.000 (Dumont d'Urville, Frankrig)
Eduardo Frei Chile 1969 Permanent Sydshetlandsøerne
– King George Island		 62°11.7′S 58°58.7′V / 62.1950°S 58.9783°V / -62.1950; -58.9783 (Eduardo Frei, Chile)
Escudero Chile Permanent Sydshetlandsøerne
– King George Island		 62°12.3′S 58°58.5′V / 62.2050°S 58.9750°V / -62.2050; -58.9750 (Escudero, Chile)
Esperanza Argentina 1975 Permanent Antarktishalvøen
– Hope Bay		 63°24′S 57°00′V / 63.400°S 57.000°V / -63.400; -57.000 (Esperanza, Argentina)
Gabriel de Castilla Spanien 1989 Sommer Sydshetlandsøerne
– Deception Island		 62°58′S 60°41′V / 62.967°S 60.683°V / -62.967; -60.683 (Gabriel de Castilla, Spanien)
Gonzáles Videla Chile 1957 Sommer Antarktishalvøen
– Paradise Bay		 64°49′S 62°52′V / 64.817°S 62.867°V / -64.817; -62.867 (Gonzáles Videla, Chile)
Great Wall Kina 1985 Permanent Sydshetlandsøerne
– King George Island		 62°13′S 58°58.2′V / 62.217°S 58.9700°V / -62.217; -58.9700 (Great Wall, Kina)
Halley Research Station Storbritannien 1956 Permanent Coats Land
– Brunt isbrem		 75°35′S 26°34′V / 75.583°S 26.567°V / -75.583; -26.567 (Halley Research Station, Storbritannien)
Jinnah Pakistan 1991 Sommer Dronning Maud Land
– Syd-Rondane		 70°24′S 25°45′Ø / 70.400°S 25.750°Ø / -70.400; 25.750 (Jinnah, Pakistan)
Juan Carlos I Base Spanien 1988 Sommer Sydshetlandsøerne
– Livingston Island		 62°39′S 60°23′V / 62.650°S 60.383°V / -62.650; -60.383 (Juan Carlos I Base, Spanien)
Jubany Argentina 1953 Permanent Sydshetlandsøerne
– King George Island		 62°14.2′S 58°40.6′V / 62.2367°S 58.6767°V / -62.2367; -58.6767 (Jubany, Argentina)
King Sejong Station Sydkorea 1988 Permanent Sydshetlandsøerne
– King George Island		 62°13.2′S 58°47′V / 62.2200°S 58.783°V / -62.2200; -58.783 (King Sejong Station, Sydkorea)
Kohnen Tyskland 2001 Sommer Dronning Maud Land 70°00′S 00°04′Ø / 70.000°S 0.067°Ø / -70.000; 0.067 (Kohnen, Tyskland)
Kunlun Station Kina 2009 Sommer Antarktisplateauet
– Dome A		 80°25′01″S 77°06′58″Ø / 80.41694°S 77.11611°Ø / -80.41694; 77.11611 (Kunlun Station, Kina)
Law-Racoviţă Station Rumænien 1986 Sommer Princess Elizabeth Land
– Larsemann Hills		 69°23′S 76°23′Ø / 69.383°S 76.383°Ø / -69.383; 76.383 (Law-Racoviţă Station, Rumænien)
Leningradskaja Rusland 1971 Genåbnet i 2007/2008 Victoria Land
– Oates Coast		 69°30′S 159°23′Ø / 69.500°S 159.383°Ø / -69.500; 159.383 (Leningradskaja, Rusland)
Machu Picchu Peru 1989 Sommer Sydshetlandsøerne
– King George Island		 62°05.4′S 58°28.1′V / 62.0900°S 58.4683°V / -62.0900; -58.4683 (Machu Picchu, Peru)
Maitri Indien 1989 Permanent Dronning Maud Land
– Vassfjellet		 70°45.58′S 11°43.56′Ø / 70.75967°S 11.72600°Ø / -70.75967; 11.72600 (Maitri, Indien)
Marambio Base Argentina 1969 Permanent Antarktishalvøen
– Seymourøya		 64°14′S 56°37′V / 64.233°S 56.617°V / -64.233; -56.617 (Marambio Base, Argentina)
Mario Zucchelli Italien 1986 Sommer Rosshavet
– Terra Nova Bay		 74°42′S 164°07′Ø / 74.700°S 164.117°Ø / -74.700; 164.117 (Mario Zucchelli, Italien)
Matienzo Argentina 1961 Sommer Antarktishalvøen 64°58′S 60°08′V / 64.967°S 60.133°V / -64.967; -60.133 (Matienzo, Argentina)
Mawson Australien 1954? Permanent Mac. Robertson Land 67°36′S 62°53′Ø / 67.600°S 62.883°Ø / -67.600; 62.883 (Mawson, Australien)
McMurdo Station USA 1956 Permanent Rosshavet
– Ross-øen		 77°51′S 166°40′Ø / 77.850°S 166.667°Ø / -77.850; 166.667 (Ross-øen, USA)
Melchior Argentina 1947 Irregulært Antarktishalvøen 64°20′S 62°59′V / 64.333°S 62.983°V / -64.333; -62.983 (Melchior, Argentina)
Mendel Polar Station Tjekkiet 2006 Sommer Antarktishalvøen
– James Ross Island		 63°48′S 57°52′V / 63.800°S 57.867°V / -63.800; -57.867 (Mendel Polar Station, Tjekkiet)
Mirnyj Rusland 1956 Permanent Davishavet 66°33′07″S 93°00′53″Ø / 66.55194°S 93.01472°Ø / -66.55194; 93.01472 (Mirnyj, Rusland)
Mizuho Japan 1970 Irregulært Dronning Maud Land 70°41′53″S 44°19′54″Ø / 70.69806°S 44.33167°Ø / -70.69806; 44.33167 (Mizuho, Japan)
Molodyozhnaja Rusland
Hviderusland		 1962 Genåbnet 2007/2008 Enderby Land 67°40′18″S 45°51′21″Ø / 67.67167°S 45.85583°Ø / -67.67167; 45.85583 (Molodyozhnaja, Rusland)
Neumayer III Tyskland 2009 Permanent Dronning Maud Land
– Atkabugten		 70°40.8′S 08°16.2′V / 70.6800°S 8.2700°V / -70.6800; -8.2700 (Neumayer III, Tyskland)
Novolazarevskaja Rusland 1961 Permanent Dronning Maud Land
– Vassfjeldet		 70°46′04″S 11°49′54″Ø / 70.76778°S 11.83167°Ø / -70.76778; 11.83167 (Novolazarevskaja, Rusland)
Orcadas Argentina 1904 Permanent Sydorkneyøerne
– Laurie Island		 60°44′S 44°44′V / 60.733°S 44.733°V / -60.733; -44.733 (Orcadas, Argentina)
Palmer Station USA 1968 Permanent Antarktishalvøen
– Anvers Island		 64°46′27″S 64°3′11″V / 64.77417°S 64.05306°V / -64.77417; -64.05306 (Palmer Station, USA)
Pedro Vicente Maldonado Ecuador 1990 Sydshetlandsøerne
– Greenwich Island		 62°27′S 59°42′V / 62.450°S 59.700°V / -62.450; -59.700 (Pedro Vicente Maldonado, Ecuador)
Petrel Argentina 1967 Sommer Antarktishalvøen
– Dundee Island		 63°28′S 56°17′V / 63.467°S 56.283°V / -63.467; -56.283 (Petrel, Argentina)
Primavera Argentina 1977 Sommer Antarktishalvøen 64°09′S 60°58′V / 64.150°S 60.967°V / -64.150; -60.967 (Primavera, Argentina)
Princess Elisabeth Belgien 2007 Sommer Dronning Maud Land
– Utsteinen		 71°57′S 23°20′Ø / 71.950°S 23.333°Ø / -71.950; 23.333 (Princess Elisabeth, Belgien)
Progress II Rusland 1988 Permanent Princess Elizabeth Land
– Larsemann Hills		 69°22′44″S 76°23′13″Ø / 69.37889°S 76.38694°Ø / -69.37889; 76.38694 (Progress II, Rusland)
Rothera Storbritannien 1975 Permanent Antarktishalvøen
– Adelaide Island		 67°34′S 68°08′V / 67.567°S 68.133°V / -67.567; -68.133 (Rothera, Storbritannien)
Russkaya Station Rusland 1980 Genåbnet i 2007/2008 Marie Byrd Land 74°46′S 136°52′V / 74.767°S 136.867°V / -74.767; -136.867 (Russkaya Station, Rusland)
San Martín Argentina 1951 Permanent Antarktishalvøen 68°08′S 67°06′V / 68.133°S 67.100°V / -68.133; -67.100 (San Martín, Argentina)
SANAE IV Sydafrika 1997 Permanent Dronning Maud Land
– Vesleskarvet		 71°40′S 2°51′V / 71.667°S 2.850°V / -71.667; -2.850 (SANAE IV, Sydafrika)
St. Kliment Ohridski Bulgarien 1988 Permanent Sydshetlandsøerne
– Livingston Island		 62°38′29″S 60°21′53″V / 62.64139°S 60.36472°V / -62.64139; -60.36472 (St. Kliment Ohridski, Bulgarien)
Scott Base New Zealand 1957 Permanent Rosshavet
– Ross-øen		 77°51′S 166°45′Ø / 77.850°S 166.750°Ø / -77.850; 166.750 (Scott Bane, New Zealand)
Signy Storbritannien 1947 Sommer Sydorkneyøerne
– Signy Island		 60°43′S 45°36′V / 60.717°S 45.600°V / -60.717; -45.600 (Signy Research Station, Storbritannien)
Syowa Japan 1957 Permanent Dronning Maud Land
– Lützow-Holmbugten		 69°00′22″S 39°35′24″Ø / 69.00611°S 39.59000°Ø / -69.00611; 39.59000 (Syowa, Japan)
Svea Sverige 1988 Sommer Dronning Maud Land
– Heimefrontfjella		 74°35′S 11°13′V / 74.583°S 11.217°V / -74.583; -11.217 (Svea, Sverige)
Tor Norge 1993 Feltstation Dronning Maud Land
– Svarthamaren		 71°53′20″S 05°09′30″Ø / 71.88889°S 5.15833°Ø / -71.88889; 5.15833 (Tor, Norge)
Troll Norge 1990 Permanent Dronning Maud Land
– Jutulsessen		 72°00′43.5″S 2°31′56″Ø / 72.012083°S 2.53222°Ø / -72.012083; 2.53222 (Troll, Norge)
Vernadsky Ukraine 1994 Permanent Antarktishalvøen
– Argentine Islands		 65°14′S 64°15′V / 65.233°S 64.250°V / -65.233; -64.250 (Vernadsky, Ukraine)
Wasa Sverige 1989 Sommer Dronning Maud Land
– Vestfjella		 73°03′S 13°25′V / 73.050°S 13.417°V / -73.050; -13.417 (Wasa, Sverige)
Vostok Rusland 1957 Permanent Antarktisplateauet 78°28′S 106°48′Ø / 78.467°S 106.800°Ø / -78.467; 106.800 (Vostok, Rusland)
Zhongshan Kina 1989 Permanent Princess Elizabeth Land
– Larsemann Hills		 69°22′44″S 76°22′40″Ø / 69.37889°S 76.37778°Ø / -69.37889; 76.37778 (Zhongshan, Kina)

Historiske baser og nedlagte forskningsstationer (udvalg)

  • Framheim
  • Polheim
  • Maudheim
  • Norway Station
  • Faraday Station

Noter

  1. ↑ Antarktistraktaten Arkiveret 22. april 2004 hos Wayback Machine. Norsk Polarinstitutt

Eksterne henvisninger

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